![]() Next, there are three groups of three letters. If it was a normal file there would be a dash (-) in this column, as you can see in the first image. Here it’s a d so we know the file is a directory. The leftmost letter indicates the filetype. Now, let’s zoom in even further and look at the permissions themselves. Every user has a group, and when they create a file, permissions are automatically granted to its members. Groups are collections of users, and they’re useful for managing the permissions of multiple users at once. The meaning of “owner” is straightforward: It’s the user who owns the file in this case, user1.įiles also have an associated group. The second column shows how many links a file has, which isn’t related to permissions.īefore we get to the permissions, let’s look at the owner and group columns. We’re interested in the first, third, and fourth columns. The -l option tells ls to display a detailed listing with extra information. One way to see them is on the command line with the ls command. File Permission SettingsĮvery file and folder on your server has a set of permissions. In this article, we explain what permissions are and how they work, before showing you how simple it is to assign them in cPanel. They can also be challenging to manage with chmod, the standard Linux permission management tool. If a website doesn’t load properly or software crashes, there’s a good chance misconfigured permissions are the culprit. However, incorrect permissions often cause hard-to-diagnose issues. Without them, it would be impossible to safely host multiple users’ websites and data. They give you fine-grained control over who can read, write, and execute files. File permissions are one of your server’s most important security features.
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